Mccarthyism and the One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest

Vincent Sham Text amp; Context Prof. Grisafi Final Paper McCarthyism and the One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, the characters of Nurse Ratched and Bromden Chief both serve as social commentary of the government of the 1950s. Nurse Ratched represents the control and dominance of the government in the 50s, and Bromden Chief represents the oppression of non-white people by the government and McCarthyism. McCarthyism was a tool that was used by the government at that time in order to scare and manipulate citizens. Similarly, Nurse Ratched symbolizes McCarthyism because she instills fear and exerts control over the patients in the mental ward. Nurse Ratched’s character represents the†¦show more content†¦Because of this party connection, McCarthy was able to establish his own investigative committee—Investigative Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations. Because his committee gained the most media coverage, McCarthy became a â€Å"hero† in the public’s eye. Aware of this, president Eisenhower gave significant support to McCarthy’s committee. McCarthy was allowed to run his own agenda, and at time override the law due to his popularity and his support from the President. In the same way, Nurse Ratched was allowed to override the decisions of her superiors because of her relationship with the doctor’s supervisor. The log book also symbolize a significant part of the history. In the novel, Nurse Ratched reads out various hearsays of the log book that has been written by a patient who has been a â€Å"spy† on other patients. She says, â€Å"according to the notes listed by various patients in the log, Mr. Harding has been heard to say that she ‘damn well gives the bastards reason to stare.’ He has also been heard to say that he may give her reason to seek further sexual attention.’† Despite whether the fact that the information is true or not, Nurse Ratched uses the various hearsays from the other patients to not only humiliate Mr. Harding, but also in a sense manipulate him. Obviously, Mr. Harding does not want people to discuss what he says in the public, but this is just what Nurse Ratched wants because sheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Setting in One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest669 Words   |  3 Pages Ken Kesey’s â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† is a unique fiction novel about oppression and rebellion in an American 1950’s Mental Hospital. In this highly distinctive novel, setting definitely refers to the interior, the interiors of the Institution. It also refers to the period this novel this was set in, the 50’s, 60’s where McCarthyism was dominant. Furthermore, it has great symbolic value, representing issues such as the American struggle of freedom and conformity. This essay shall discussRead MoreSetting in One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesKen Keseys One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest is a unique fiction novel about oppression and rebellion in an American 1950s Mental Hospital. In this highly distinctive novel, setting definitely refers to the interior, the interiors of the Institution. It also refers to the period this novel this was set in, the 50s, 60s where McCarthyism was dominant. Furthermore, it has great symbolic value, representing issues such as the Amer ican struggle of freedom and conformity. This essay shall discuss

Chem 1331 Midterm 2 Free Essays

1. | | | What is the pressure, in atm, of a tank of gas with a regulator that reads 1250mmHg? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Chem 1331 Midterm 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now 64|    | B. | 490|    | C. | 1. 79|    | D. | 0. 608|    | E. | 1. 25|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 2. | | | A 147. 9-L sample of dry air is cooled from 88. 0 °C to 22. 1 °C while the pressure is maintained at 2. 85 atm. What is the final volume in L? (Do not type the units. ) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 120. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 3. | | | 1000 L of gas is prepared in a tank at 700 mm Hg and 2000 oC. The gas is then transferred to a 40. L tank at 200o C. The pressure inside the new tank is | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 14 mm Hg|    | B. | 70 mm Hg|    | C. | 280 mm Hg|    | D. | 1. 75 x 10 3 mm Hg|    | E. | 3. 64 x 103 mm Hg|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 4. | | | The density of an unknown element in the gaseous state is 1. 60 g at 300 K and 1 atm. Which of the following could be the element? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | He|    | B. | Ne|    | C. | Ar|    | D. | |    | E. | |    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 5. | | | What is the pressure exerted by a mixture of 0. 250 moles of and 0. 400 moles of He at 27. 0C in a 3. 00 L container? | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 16. 0 atm|    | B. | 5. 33 atm|    | C. | 3. 28 atm|    | D. | 2. 05 atm|    | E. | 1. 23 atm|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 6. | | | At 25 °C, an unknown gas, Q, diffuses at a RATE 1. 65 times faster than that of propane, C3H8. Which of these gases is most likely to be Q? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | O2|    | B. | He|    | C. | Ne|    | D. | H2O|    | E. | CH4|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 7. | | | In the reaction below, what volume of PCl5 (g) will be produced by the reaction of 69. 7 L of chlorine gas with excess phosphorus (P4 if all gas volumes are measured at STP? P4 (g) Cl2 = PCl5 (unbalanced) Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 27. 9| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 8. | | | Consider three 5-L flasks, fitted with pressure gauges and small valves, each contain a gas at 273 K. Flask A contains 4. 0 g of H2, flask B contains 4. 0 g of He, and flask C contains 8. 0 g of CH4. Compare the flasks contents in terms of the characteristics listed. total kinetic energy of the molecules. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | Flask A Flask B Flask C|    | B. | Flask A Flask B Flask C|    | C. | Flask A = Flask B = Flask C|    | D. | Flask A Flask C Flask B|    | E. | Flask C Flask B Flask A|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 9. | | | What is the change in internal energy (in J) of a system that absorbs 4. 07 kJ of heat from its surroundings and has 0. 66 kcal of work done on it? 1 kcal = 4. 184 kJ Express your answer in scientific format with three significant figures: 1. 25 x 103 = 1. 25E3 Do not type units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 6. 83E3 (6. 83 ? 103)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 10. | | | If addition of 25. 132 kJ of heat to a 0. 308 kg sample of an alcohol raises its temperature from 20. 0 °C to 46. 15 °C, what is the specific heat capacity of the alcohol in J/g. K? Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 12| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 11. | | | Given the following equations: Determine the enthalpy change (H) for the following reaction: | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 844. 3 kJ/mol|    | B. | 483. 3 kJ/mol|    | C. | -241. 7 kJ/mol|    | D. | -483. 3 kJ/mol|    | E. | -844. 3 kJ/mol|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 12. | | | High-purity benzoic acid (C6H5COOH; ? Hcomb = –3227 kJ/mol) is a combustion standard for calibrating bomb calorimeters. A 1. 113 g sample burns in a calorimeter (heat capacity of calorimeter alone = 1365 J/ °C) that contains exactly 1. 200 kg of water. What temperature change will be observed? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 4. 60| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 13. | | | Using information from the text Appendix, calculate ? H for the reaction. 2C2H6(g) + 7O2(g) = 4CO2(g) + 6H2O(g) | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 2855. 4 kJ|    | B. | –2855. 4 kJ|    | C. | 551 kJ|    | D. | –551 kJ|    | E. | None of these is within 5% of the correct answer|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 14. | | What mass of (g) must be burned to release 334 kJ of heat to the surroundings? | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 0. 426 g|    | B. | 6. 00 g|    | C. | 0. 375 g|    | D. | 2. 66 g|    | E. | 55. 6 g|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 15. | | | An AM radio station broadcasts at about 1,031 on the radio dial. Units for AM frequencies are given in kilohert z (kHz). What is the wavelength of these radio transmissions in meters (m)? Type only the number. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 291| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 16. | | | A microwave photon has a frequency of 4,561 MHz. What is its energy in joules? Enter your answer in the form 1. 02E12 for 1. 02 x 1012 with three significant figures. Do not enter units with your answer. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 02E-24 (3. 02 ? 10-24)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 17. | | | What is the frequency (Hz) of a photon emitted by a hydrogen atom when its electron falls from n = 5 to 1? Enter your answer using exponential notation (1. 23 x 104 = 1. 23E4) with three significant figures and do not include units. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| Answer:| not answered  Ã‚  | 3. 16E15 (3. 16 ? 1015)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | 18. | | Which is not a possible ml value for an orbital that has the following: n = 2 | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | +2|    | B. | –1|    | C. | +1|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 19. | | | Give the number of orbitals an atom can have with the following designation: 3p | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| A. | 6|    | B. | 2|    | C. | 3|    | D. | 4|    | E. | an infinite number|    | | Score:| 0/1 | | | 20. | | | Which subatomic particle was found to be present in cathode rays? Type its name only in the box. | | | Student Response| Correct Answer| 1. | not answered  | Equals electron (100%) Equals electrons (100%)| | Score:| 0/1 | | | How to cite Chem 1331 Midterm 2, Essay examples

Strategic Human Resources Frameworks

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Human Resources for Frameworks. Answer: Introduction: Human resource management by definition relates to the function within a company that deals with the employment, administration, and delivering direction for the people who work in the company (Hofstede, G 1984). Line managers can also be incorporated into the HRM processes. Human Resource Management lays emphasis on the tenets that the primary resource necessary for attainment a viable and competitive advantage is the staff of an organization. Human resource actions must be incorporated into the business strategy, and that practitioners and human capital specialists are a necessity to help organizations attain both the efficiency and equity objectives (Armstrong Armstrong, 2011). For an organization to thrive in the competitive global market it needs to look into several factors such as productivity, preferred standard, and a market share. However, hardly any organizations look into the significant factor of human resource performance. Human resource management looks to achieve the success of an organization through the employees who are the key players (Chandramohan, n.d). It looks to maximize on new opportunities putting into consideration the well-being of its people. Human resource management should be integrated all through the tasks of an organization. It should start from the basic process of enrollment, training, job allocation, appraisal, performance assessment and the work atmosphere (Aswathappa, 2013). This will allow for the effective running of an organization as the workforce is motivated and their grievances are heard and addressed in a formally understandable manner (Deckop, 2006). These are activities related to employment, human associations, compensation, and the recent inclinations in HRM. Employment is the act of securing labor with the required qualifications needed by the organization to reach its set target. Human associations refer to the process of interaction between two or more parties who in this case are the organization and the employees (Wilkinson, Johnstone EEP, 2016). Positive relation motivates people to do a better job. Human relations comprise inspiring employees, initiating effective communication channels and skills, refining the excellence of work of employees and enhancing employee drive. Compensation embraces rewards that staff receive as a direct consequence of their employment. It entails of direct and indirect compensation that may be in monetary or non-financial terms as agreed in the terms of reference for the engagement (Armstrong, 2006). Financial compensation includes wage and salary, bonus among others. On the hand non-financial compensation includes job evaluation, social security and security measures for work related accidents. The recent human tendency in human resource management is an area that is fast growing. It entails the value of working life, recent development of technology in human capital management and quality of human capital (Juana, Espinosa, 2012). When organizations hire workers they have a basic capacity to work, to ensure full exploitation of their skill, managers ought to organize tasks, space, the moment of time within which the employees works. The choice of a strategic human resource is governed by the following principles; variations in organization forms, the pressure by management to perform, and stability of labor markets (Valentine, Mathis Jackson, 2013). Human resource strategy consists of five factors, philosophy, policies, programs, practices and processes. Policies and of an organization's human resource management ought to be adaptable to the changing environment. Internalization is a vital human resource in the part of the line of managers. The workforce is able to foster a commitment to strategic goals. Organizations that value their employees as their tactical and competitive gain are the most efficacious. These organizations set a tradition of innovation aimed at developing and connecting employees with professional skills and knowledge aimed and achieving the priorities of the organization (Scarpello, 2008). It also helps individuals to represent their expertise at a personal level. Organizations showing full commitment to human resource management manifest high productivity levels. Employees in these organizations are highly motivated and show a high performance in their areas of specialization. There is also a strong relationship between the human resource management and the employees attitude towards workplace performance (Redman Wilkinson, 2002). Tactical human capital management helps an organization achieve its objectives through the following ways; it trains management on the best way to relate with subordinates staff. It looks into a fair rewarding system that boosts the morale of the workforce. It nurtures the employees goals to match those of the organization. It looks to develop an effective method of communication to allow passage of information either horizontally or vertically within the organization. It carries out a quantity analysis on each employees contribution to the company and takes steps to optimize them. In addition, it helps the organization to develop knowledge critical to differentiate an organization from other players in the market. It develops an overall talent in an organization, a strategic action that has a positive sway on the performance. The talent management strategy not only impacts employees but also raises the standards of leadership at different levels. Generally, it identifies the strategic needs of an organization and the most efficient methods of achieving the best results (Ehnert, 2009). There are two major variations in the human resource management. These are the soft and the hard models that are divergent to a number of scopes. The hard model proponents are seen as the major business resource. Employees are viewed as the human element of an organizations capital in which the organization spends to gain a competitive gain in the current market. At McDonalds, the efficiency of the human resource approach used means that much of the hard approach is never employed in dealing with human capital issues. The soft model, on the other hand, stresses on human resource. Employees are valued as resources and a foundation for competitive advantage to the organization. They are seen as being adept and earnest replacements of direct forms of supervision, pressure, and control. The chosen tactic at McDonalds towards employee acknowledgement may be applied to many establishments. The structure aims to recognizing staff who have exceeded expectations in their time of employment. I strongly believe that the same model would work at Spastic Center which is a non-profit entity but would need a few alterations or modifications in order to fit with the business model in the non-profit sector. To begin with, the recognition should not only be from the peers. The clienteles should also be endorsed to rate personnel who attend to them. The effort of employees should be highly considered for the recognition scheme. Secondly, the monetary or financial recognition may not work due to funding limitations and requirements on utilization of monies. To resolve this, the path taken may be to recompense employees in a different style. The employees may be presented with an opportunity for short training courses that increase their job expertise and put them in good stead for advancements. Alternatively, employees may be given favorable shifts or rewarded with time off to spend time with their family as well The Harvard model focuses on a multiple stakeholders theory. It views staff as resources, however; they cannot be viewed in the same way as other resources as their management is different. Human resource is different from other resources since it can be motivated or de-motivated, they can choose to cooperate or differ with the management (Billsberry, Salaman Storey, 2005). People can perform different tasks such as think, plan, create or learn. The model emphasizes that human resource management on employees is critical to an organization for the achievement of its objectives. The New York model sees human resource management as a list of tactical choices to be made by the human resource executives to promote effective behavior that is consistent with the organization's plan (Sparrow and Hilltop 1994). The choices to be made by the human resource executives are such as planning choices, staffing selections, compensation sets and training developmental alternatives. Staffing selections are essential as the selected employees need to fit within the organizational culture (Lugonja, 2010). The case of McDonalds Australia is an ideal case study for human resource practitioners across the globe. Where there is smoke, there is fire. At McDonalds, you need to read this positively. The company has been in its recent past voted as the best company to work for in Australia. This means that the company must be doing something right when it comes to organization its human resource function and how the elements of human capital captured in the overall plan of the company trickle down to the individuals in the organization. It is imperative to take into account that the company has in its books, an estimated 75,000 employees. It is difficult to keep an employee happy but ay McDonalds, they are able to do that to such a significant number. The majority of the workforce in the outlets spread out across Australia is aged between 15 and 20 years and this means that they fall into a category of employees who are traditionally hard to please. It is a big onus to the management yet they have done it to impressive standards. The main secret that can be attributed to making the organization the employer of choice is the fact that there have been concerted efforts towards creating an organization culture where the employees at all levels of hierarchy feel valued. The aspect of feeling valued extends beyond the pay package. The average employee spends the majority of their time within the employers premises or engages with issues pertaining to the employer and thus they always have the need to feel they belong over and above the remuneration they receive. This has made the organization an enviable place to work in. The element of growth from within the ranks helps a lot towards creating a happy workforce (Martin, 2010). Employees will be content when they have the knowledge that if they meet and exceed the expectations set for them, then they are in with a chance of growing within the organization. At McDonalds, an impressive 80% of the managers have their history within lower ranks in the hierarchy at McDo nalds. The brand has understood for a long time that a strong brand is not what it offers to its customer but its human capital. The human capital element ensures that the product or service once developed is delivered with excellence to the customers. Often times, there are always commodities that can meet the same need and bear the same attributes in terms of price and quality. The difference between such products comes in when the product is offered to the market and the customers have to interact with the organization through its employees. The sensitivity is heightened at McDonalds being that it operates in the service industry. The value attributed or apportioned to the employee can also be seen through the training program in place at McDonalds. The annual budget allocation towards training is $40 million. The amount is equivalent to annual profits for some respectable mid-sized companies operating in the same market and in the same area geographically. It is testament to the fact that the business does indeed value its people. This is further emboldened in the fact that in its overall strategy or approach to the market, people come first. The focal points for the organization are people, products, place, price and promotion. People are placed as the foremost pillar upon which the success of the organization is placed. The aspect of remuneration is not left out of this discourse however. To begin with, the organization has set out a remuneration policy that is clear and concise. All employees are okay without an iota of doubt of what they stand to gain for the output they give while in the employment of McDonalds. Secondly, there is a CREW Recognition Program in place. The program is responsible for rewarding employees stationed at the various outlets. It has two distinctive awards, the employee of the month and employee of the quarter. This means that it creates a sense of competition and with a just reward at the end. Thirdly, the policies set out by the HR function are clear with regard to pay decisions that the organization takes at any time. This also extends to an equitable pay structure where pay is distributed according to the assigned roles for an individual and the responsibilities that they take up in their line of duty. The sum total of all this is the belief that the employees currentl y hold, 92% of the staff working presently with the organization believe that they have been well equipped to work and meet their expectations. They also believe this has put them in good stead to grow within the ranks. In conclusion, delegation, human resource management has led to both positive and negative factors. In the case of McDonalds, the effects are more positive than negative. It is discernible that any study or survey done to measure any elements of worth of work life for the employees as well as their general contentment will bear a positive feedback. The strategy has embraced the people as a central pillar and this has helped strengthen the influence of the human capital management of the organization. Heads of organization charged with the mandate of organizing the human capital of the organization need to always take this well. The life and success of any organization is tied ultimately to how it treats its people and McDonalds is testament to this. References Armstrong, M. (2007).A handbook of human resource management practice. London: Kogan Page. Armstrong, M., Armstrong, M. (2011).Armstrong's handbook of strategic human resource management. London: Kogan Page. Aswathappa, K. (2013).Human resource management: Text and cases. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education. Baron, J. N., Kreps, D. M. (1999).Strategic human resources: Frameworks for general managers. New York: John Wiley. Billsberry, J., Salaman, G., Storey, J. (2005).Strategic human resource management: Theory and practice. London: SAGE. Brewster, C., Mayrhofer, W. (2012).Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. Chandramohan, A. (n.d.).Human resource management. S.l.: Aph Publishing Corporation. Condrey, S. E. (2010).Handbook of Human Resource Management in Government. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Cook, M. F. (1999).Outsourcing human resources functions: Strategies for providing enhanced HR services at lower cost. New York, AMACOM. Deckop, J. R. (2006).Human resource management ethics. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Pub. Inc. Ehnert, I. (2009).Sustainable human resource management: A conceptual and exploratory analysis from a paradox perspective. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Juana-Espinosa, S. . (2012).Human resource management in the digital economy: Creating synergy between competency models and information. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Kovach, K. A. (1996).Strategic human resource management. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Lawler, E. E., Boudreau, J. W., University of Southern California. (2009).Achieving excellence in human resources management: An assessment of human resource functions. Stanford, California: Stanford Business Books. Lugonja, D. (2010).Selection of candidates as a function of human resources management in the company. Martin, J. (2010).Key concepts in human resource management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Perkins, S. J., Shortland, S. M., Perkins, S. J. (2006).Strategic international human resource management: Choices and consequences in multinational people management. London: Kogan Page. Price, A. (2011).Human resource management. Andover: Cengage Learning EMEA. Redman, T., Wilkinson, A. (2002).The informed student guide to HRM. London: Thomson Learning. Scarpello, V. G. (2008).The handbook of human resource management education: Promoting an effective and efficient curriculum. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. Sims, R. R. (2007).Human resource management: Contemporary issues, challenges and opportunities. Greenwich, Conn: Information Age Publ. Valentine, S., Mathis, R. L., Jackson, J. H. (2013).Human resource management. Wilkinson, A., Johnstone, S., Edward Elgar Publishing. (2016).Encyclopedia of human resource management. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Pub. Ltd.

The Lesson Essays - The Lesson, Teaching, Toni Cade Bambara, Lesson

The Lesson Symbolism and Theme in Bambaras The Lesson Toni Cade Bambara wrote the short story, The Lesson, in 1972. The Lesson is considered by the Literary Canon to be a wonderful work of fiction because of its use of language, humanistic theme, symbolism, and non-genre plot. Two essential elements that add to the depth and enhance a readers comprehension of The Lesson are Bambaras use of symbolism and theme. The Lesson takes place in New Yorks inner city. The fictional story begins with a group of poor, uneducated, lower class city kids standing in front of a mailbox, preparing themselves for another day of being taught by Mrs. Moore. Mrs. Moore felt that it was her duty to help underprivileged children learn because she was one of the only women in the neighborhood to earn a degree. The main character is Sylvia, who tells the story in a first person narrative. Sylvia is a young African American girl, probably around fourteen years old, who is very judgmental about the world around her. By Bambaras choice of words, the reader can tell that she is extremely opinionated, presents a very tough, hostile exterior and not at all happy about having to be taught anything by Mrs. Moore. For instance, she states we kinda hated her too, hated the way we did the winos who cluttered up our parks and pissed on our hand ball walls (Bambara 121). On this hot summer day, Mrs. Moore felt that there was a lesson to learn at FAO Schwartz, a very expensive, upper class toy store in downtown Manhattan. After stepping out of the cab and peering into the window, Sylvia knows that this is not just any toy store and they are not just there for any reason. The reason Mrs. Moore brought the children to FAO Schwartz is captured in Bambara's use symbolism. Outside of the toyshop the children glare at a number of very expensive toys. Some of them include a paperweight and a sailboat. Initially, none of the children, especially Sylvia, knew what the paperweight was. She says to herself that my eyes tell me its a chunk of glass cracked with something heavy, and different-color inks dripped into the splits, then the whole thing put into a oven or something. But for $480 it dont make sense (Bambara 123). After Mrs. Moore explains what it is, the children still cannot comprehend its use or the price. Bambara uses the paperweight to symbolize importance. A paperweight is used to hold something that is of value, something that someone wishes not to lose. The children have never known or owned something that is precious. At the same time, the paperweight can symbolize that their living in the slums and never reaching out for something more can be holding them down. They are the important ones under that paperweight. A better life, one in which their basic needs are met, costs a price- one that they are not use to. To them, $400 is a lifes worth of work and unfathomable. The price of their future is going to have be something that they will have to strive for and open their minds past their current dwellings. Similarly, the sailboat is also used by Bambara to represent freedom and the journey that lies in front of them. The journey into Manhattan was only a cab ride away. However, it was only a temporary chance for the children to see this type of life. If Sylvia or the other children wished to permanently escape the world of poverty they came from, they would have to realize that it wasnt going to be easy. There are many steps along the way and to complete them, they would have to be educated. It would be just the same for someone who wanted to sail, they would have to first learn how. Sylvia, astonished by the price, cannot understand why someone would pay that much when my sailboat cost me about fifty cents (Bambara 124). The question is then- would she always be happy settling for less? Or did she even realize that she might be settling? Bambara raises interesting thoughts with the use of symbolism. Another element of literature

5 Key Terms Of Dramatism Example

5 Key Terms Of Dramatism Example 5 Key Terms Of Dramatism – Coursework Example Reflection Discussion: 5 Key Terms of Dramatist In investigating the semantic dimensions of language, the five primal terms of dramatists are the best tools to use. However, from the real life experiences, there exist ambiguities in analyzing a situation using these terms. There exists a great variance in the analysis of different situations and thus the ambiguity. Besides, the interrelationships among these terms are eminent as it is revealed by encounters in the real world.When the five terms of dramatist are used to analyze a situation, the interrelationship between these terms is apparent. It is because some terms have to work together in forming a common ground or substance for a given situation (Burke XIX). For instance, dancing in a church can be considered inappropriate, whereas dancing in a wedding is granted. In this context, the scene, and the act have a strong relationship. The interrelationship is used as the ground for justifying the appropriateness of an act, given the prevailing scene.The terms also bring forth ambiguity when used in the analysis of situations. In fact, the social and political trends surrounding a given situation act as the sources of ambiguity (Burke XVII). For instance, one can consider voting as an act and the voters as the agents during an election. From a differing point of view, the votes and voters can all be seen as the agents of a politician or even part of the scene through which he or she gets into office. Also, war brings out the point of ambiguity clearly in the sense that; during a military officer regards war as scene because it inspires the nature of his training, another person views war as an agency because it is a means through which an end, victory, is achieved. Without doubt, different situations deserve different analysis when using the five key terms of the dramatist.Work CitedBurke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives. Berkeley, CA: Univ. of California Press, 2000. Print.

How to Tell Your Parents You Want to Drop Out of College

How to Tell Your Parents You Want to Drop Out of College If you are considering dropping out of college, you likely have a good reason: personal, financial,  academic, or a combination of factors. Even though the benefits of dropping out may be clear to you, your parents may have some concerns, and talking to them about dropping out may not be easy. So where can you begin? What should you say? Be Honest Dropping out of college is a big deal, and your parents know this. Even if they suspected that this conversation was coming, they probably arent going to be too pleased about it. Consequently, you owe it to them- and yourself- to be honest about the main reasons driving your decision. Are you failing your classes? Not connecting socially with others? Feeling lost academically? Is the financial obligation too much to bear? If you expect to have an honest, adult conversation about dropping out, youll need to contribute your own honesty and maturity as well. Be Specific General statements, like I just dont like it, I dont want to be there, and I just want to come home, may be accurate, but theyre vague and therefore not very helpful. Additionally, your parents may not know how to respond to these kinds of general statements other than to tell you to get back to class. If, however, youre more specific- I need some time off from school to figure out what I want to study, I need a break right now academically and intellectually, Im concerned about how much this is costing- both you and your parents can have a constructive conversation about your concerns. Explain What Dropping Out Will Accomplish Dropping out has such a heavy feel to it because it is a very serious choice. To assuage their concerns, discuss with your parents what dropping out will accomplish. True, youll leave your current situation, but then what? While withdrawing from your current college or university might be appealing, it should be only one step in a longer, carefully thought-out process. What will you do instead? Will you work? Travel? Aim to re-enroll in a semester or two? The conversation should not just be about leaving college; it should also include what youre planning to do next. Be Aware of the Consequences Your parents will likely have a lot of questions for you about whats going to happen if you drop out. What are the financial consequences going to be? When will you have to start paying back your student loans, or can you put them on deferment? What will happen to the loan and grant money youve already accepted for this term? What about your lost credits? Can you re-enroll at your institution at a later time, or will you have to reapply for admission? What obligations will you still have for your living arrangements? While your heart and mind might be set on dropping out and leaving your current situation, your parents can be great resources for helping you keep your focus on whats most important. The key, however, is to fully engage and work in partnership with them to make the transition as painless as possible for everyone involved.

Short Response to event Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Short Response to event - Assignment Example For business communication seeking partners and collaboration in order to achieve some goal is priority. Audience was allowed to communicate in a dialog to members of software companies only before presentation speeches. I talked to some of them, asking questions, gathering information and trying to make contacts, but real interest and good questions logically appear after you’ve heard a presentation speech and understood the subject. But it was jury only allowed to ask speaker questions, so to another part of the audience the main part of the event was a monolog and we were listeners. I suppose that means audience wasn’t considered like a business partner on this event, so jury and App software companies were only interested in each other, and it makes sense according to the kind of event. But I think audience should be allowed to ask questions, because in business you need to think wider. A company can not win the prize pool, but there are potential partners in the au dience, maybe. As a rule audience in such kind of events is professional orientated and someone could be interested in your project, or your company may hear an interesting question and find a partner itself. So I think taking audience into account is important, so I will in my future career. The entire event was pretty much verbal: speakers from App software companies proclaimed speeches 10 minutes long and then answered jury’s questions, audience were listening and we all were wearing tag sticks on our chest with information we had put there etc. I was involved in nonverbal communication nodding as a response on verbal communication, shaking hands with members of software companies I talked before presentation, I was slapping hands etc. About the same did the rest of the audience and jury. Speakers used gestures, voice intonations and posed themselves differently to look confident and professional etc. But mostly I was interested in short videos that were shown as a part of

Improvement measures on Sight Savers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Improvement measures on Sight Savers - Essay Example cult for the organization to exhibit effective governance The organization is also grappling with how to leave their finances to professional outsiders without losing control of the organization’s activities. Sight Savers International can use several key performance indicators to define, as well as measure their progress towards their goals. In order to plan for an uncertain future, one thing that they have to do is improve the level of confidence and trust in the organization from the public. The first KPI here is the overall level of confidence and trust in their charity organization from the public, which they can carry out using an independent survey every two years (Marr, 2012: p22). Their target here should be to improve their ratings continuously over their 2007 baseline. The second KPI would be a survey by stakeholders of the effectiveness of their charity sector’s main regulator, which would also be carried out by an independent survey (Marr, 2012: p22). They should also measure the confidence and trust in their charity as compared with other professions and organizations every two years in order to be informed on their standing. The organization should also seek to achieve service delivery standards that are acceptable to their main clients. Their first KPI under this strategy would be the percentage of their clients who said that they did a commendable job across their area of operation (Molyneaux, 2009: p11). Second would be the average individual or charity rating at initial contact point who said that their services as provided were those that they required. Third would be the increase in use of their services across their area of operations. They should also use the average time that they take to deal with issues brought up by their clients as a key... The first KPI here is the overall level of confidence and trust in their charity organization from the public, which they can carry out using an independent survey every two years (Marr, 2012: p22). Their target here should be to improve their ratings continuously over their 2007 baseline. The second KPI would be a survey by stakeholders of the effectiveness of their charity sector’s main regulator, which would also be carried out by an independent survey (Marr, 2012: p22). They should also measure the confidence and trust in their charity as compared with other professions and organizations every two years in order to be informed on their standing.The organization should also seek to achieve service delivery standards that are acceptable to their main clients. Their first KPI under this strategy would be the percentage of their clients who said that they did a commendable job across their area of operation (Molyneaux, 2009: p11). Second would be the average individual or char ity rating at initial contact point who said that their services as provided were those that they required. Third would be the increase in use of their services across their area of operations. They should also use the average time that they take to deal with issues brought up by their clients as a key performance indicator. Another key performance indicator would be the increase in the publications that they send out directly to their client base on the services that they provide (Molyneaux, 2009: p11).

Prevalence of Racism within Police Departments Essay Example for Free

Prevalence of Racism within Police Departments Essay Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Racism is always associated with the occurrence of Police Brutality in the country. Police violence’s had been reported from different states in the country. According to some notable information, race is an instrument in treating criminals or violators. This implies that Black and Whites are fostering a biased attitude in their counter-part race. Black would treat black Americans favorably than whites and vice versa.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, it was determined that cases of police brutality are also highly probable to those people with low connections in police departments. People are averring that Policemen are engaged with Abused Power which including fond of terrorizing and exploiting apprehenders.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Perhaps, America can never be free from Racism but Policemen can always be away from cases of Brutality. Prevalence of Racism within Police Departments   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All nations in the world are in influence of Racism. Compared to other countries, racism is well identified issue in the United States of America. In the study conducted by the United Nations Organization, racism was also considered as the roots or catalyst of other discrimination and exploitation issues such as slavery, crimes and even police brutality against minorities. The issue regarding police brutality is in great concern as the numbers of victims are greatly increasing in the state.   (Snah, 2004)This paper aims to study the role of racism in the incidence or occurrence of police brutality. Also it sought to find out some cases of police brutality. Incidence of Police brutality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cases of police brutality had been reported across the country. In the New York City alone, 500 cases occurred per month (Gregg, 1999). In 1999, the Chicago Police Department faced the charges of racism after the incidence of different deadly encounters of Black Americans and police. The department was in controversy as an incident happened regarding a university student football player Robert Russ. He was suspected of grabbing the gun and disrespecting a police officer while in confrontation in the street. He was shot out in his car aimlessly. According to some witnesses, the policemen in the said department are abusing their power in treating every suspected violator.   (Johnson, 1999) The bottom line in this incident is most victims are black Americans while apprehenders are white Americans. On the other states, New York Police Department was also in intrigue with the incident called the â€Å"savage brutality†. An immigrant from Guinea named Amadou Diallo died after being rained of forty one shots by four policemen. (Jones, 1998) This event is an absolute proof were policemen are not following the â€Å"zero-tolerance† policy where they tend to react violently to the criminal notoriously; not upholding the rights of the criminal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It can be considered that police brutality is in everyday occurrence. Also, the event is highly probable or possible in which different races or culture mixes. They are highly victimized because these people have lesser security or higher connections, in which police officers are confident of terrorizing and intimidating therm. Different races like Blacks, immigrants like Latinos and Asians are harassed, exploited, assaulted and in worst case-killed. This incident implies that American policeman are not equable, they do unequal treatments. Race had been their instrument or basis in giving their service as crime-busters and peace keepers. It’s an implication of prevalence of racism and police brutality where both races are fostering a condescending attitude toward their counterpart race. Narrowing Down   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Primarily, Racism triggered the occurrence of police brutality in the country. Police brutality in one way or another had stained the over-all integrity of Policeman as the defenders of Democratic and Republic people. With different cases or evidences of police brutality, we can certainly deduce that the police system is instituted basically to protect upper class people from poor people, serve and promote their own race and consider other races as conspiracy against them. In short, they are not equable.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The image portray by the police is very different from their sole purpose. It’s never late to renew the image of policeman in the country. It’s true that the country is divided and being separated by different principles. Races continue to develop gap with in each other.   However, the resemblance that keeps us one is our ability to accept the challenge of Racism. We can always foster a good camaraderie with all people in the word. In this simple way, in some how, we can make a better America and have the best Policemen in the universe, where Police brutality will never be experienced again and policemen will be associated to goodness. References Gress, T. (1998, July 4). Everyones Problem: Police Brutalty and Race. Retrieved August 12,    2008, from http://www.socialissuesletters.com.html Johnson, D. (1999, July 19). Police Racism Charges Defy a Pattern. Retrieved Augut 12, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from New York Times Press:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://querry.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B02E4DE123BF93AA257 Jones, A. (1998, 9 July). US Police Brutality. Retrieved August 11, 2008, from Socialism Today:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.socialismtoday.org/38/nypd38.html Snah, A. (2004, December 20). Racism in North America. Retrieved August 13, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global Issues:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.globalissues.or/article/165/racism/NorthAmerica

Gulf War Syndrome Essay -- history

In 1990 the United States deployed 700,000 soldiers into and around the region of the middle east known as the Persian Gulf. The U.S. wanted to stop the progression of Iraqi forces who were invading the oil-rich neighboring country of Kuwait. When Iraq Surrendered to the Allied forces on March 5th they had been completely swept out of Kuwait. The United States only lost one-hundred-forty-eight men while Iraq’s losses where estimated around 100,000 men. Little did the United States know that the effects of this war effects would be much more extensive than one-hundred-forty-eight soldiers lost in battle. Ever since the war ended the Veteran Association and the Pentagon have been getting reports of reports of many varying illnesses. These illnesses have fallen onto the soldiers who bravely fought in the Gulf War. I believe that the Gulf war Syndrome does indeed exist. Furthermore I believe that the United States is just as much responsible for giving their soldiers this disease as the Iraqi nerve gas, oil fire smoke and post war stress. Lots of evidence has been presented yet many in this world don’t believe that this syndrome exists. Many experts believe that these illnesses ( Gulf War Syndrome) don’t exist. Including a ranking doctors in the pentagon. Dr. Stephen Joseph says this about the blight, â€Å"We found that there was no single hypothesis that could explain the symptoms of such a large # of people. The soldiers are suffering from stress related problems. Of the diseases they contracted, such as cancer or Lou Gehrigs disease, would have occurred whether or not the soldiers had gone to the gulf.†,. ( Brumley p 8) Dr. Joseph is a highly prestigious doctor working on the syndrome for the pentagon. He graduated from Harvard and has been assigned to many high profile jobs in the pentagon. The U.S. government doesn’t know what to believe so they granted a fifty million dollar grant to pay for illnesses believed to be caused by a mysterious syndrome. Although many don’t believe it this syndrome does exist and it has many different causes. Of the 700,000 men and women who served in the Gulf war 170,000 them have been hospitalized since 1991. 10,000 of them filed disability claims. And it is estimated that 35,000 ( Cary, Peter p, 33-34) more will fill out these disability claims. This average is much higher than the average number of hospitalizations of civilians.... ..., petroleum smoke from the nearby oil fires and post war stress. I also believe that the U.S. Government did a poor job of handling this problem. Men and woman who volunteer their lives for pride and for their country have been severely mistreated by the U.S. Government and deserve a apology. WORKS CITED Barnes,Elizebeth. 1992 Nursing Drug Handbook . Houston: Heath 1992, Brumley, Al. â€Å" Frontline Targets Gulf War Syndrome†. Dallas Morning News. 1998 Jan 20: 8 Bullman, Tim. â€Å" Mortality among U.S. Veterans of the Persia†. New England Journal of Medicine 20 1992: 45-47. Cary, Peter. â€Å" The Gulf War’s Grave Aura†. U.S. News and World Report 1996 July 8: 33-34. Compion, Ed MD. â€Å" Disease and Suspicion after the Persian Gulf War†. New England Journal of Medicine. 20 1992: 67 Fowler, Rebecca. â€Å" Sick Veterans†. World Press Review. 1996 May:9-10. Liu, M. â€Å" Tracking the Second Storm†. Newsweek 1994 May 16:56-57 Schmitt, Eric. â€Å" Special White House Panel Rejects Chemical Exposure as Coarse of Gulf war Illness†. New York Times. 1997 January 8th: 1. Shannon, Philip. â€Å" Once Healthy, Her Pain is Reminder of Gulf War Service†. New York Times 1997 January 2: 3.

Deep Ecology

Whether its watching a whale Jump up in the air and seeing him crashing back into the water, or looking at all of the trees leafs changing colors in the fall time; nature is a beautiful thing. In the past, traditional Native Americans once cared about the land. The grass, trees, rocks, and everything else had value. Nowadays most people are moving away from these ideas and moving towards a capitalist mindset, only caring about their own personal gain. Deep ecology is defined as â€Å"an environmental movement and philosophy that regards human life as Just one of many equal components of a global cosystem† (Google).Arne Naess was a Norwegian philosopher who coined the term Deep Ecology. It may seem very similar to traditional Native American thought, but there are a few differences. In traditional Native American thought, they believe that everything is sacred, has value, and is alive. Deep ecologists do not feel the same way, they believe objects hold value but not all things are living. For example, if you were to pick up a rock and show it to a deep ecologist, he or she would say that the rock is not living. According to traditional Native American thought, they would say hat the rock is valuable, living and is sacred (Professor Bill Weiss).Arne Naess and George Sessions created the eight principles of deep ecology. They are the eight principles that all deep ecologists follow. The fifth principle states, present human interference with the nonhuman world is excessive, and the situation is rapidly worsening (The Anarchist Library). For example, 137 species of animals are becoming extinct each day, which adds up to 50,005 species disappearing every year, because of deforestation (Oocities). If we don't start doing something about this issue he world's animal population will become extinct, and that's only from deforestation.That doesn't include all the garbage and chemicals that we are dumping on the earth. Those also have an effect on animals all acros s the world. And soon this will start to effect the human population. People will start to become sick and they won't have anything to eat because animals across the world were killed off or become extinct, and the vegetables you want to eat won't be edible because the chemicals that were dumped on the earth reached the plants you want to eat and ontaminated them. This could potentially lead to the human population becoming extinct.I'm not saying this is going to actually happen or be an immediate result of our actions but this is what the world is coming to. The companies are the indirect problem in this issue. It's the population's demand that keeps these companies going which makes us the direct source to the problem. Almost everyone is caught up in the capitalist mentality, only caring about themselves and seeing how much money they can make. And when that happens they go out and buy more products which ave negatively affected the environment.

F1 Grenades

F1 – fragmentation grenades Introduction World War two plays a major role in our conception of human history, because, unlike the senseless massacre of World War one, it stands for an ideological struggle between Good and Evil. This deadly and bloody war between the allies and the axis alliance lasted for six years. At the end of the war victory was claimed by the allied powers, which were: Britain, France, the U. S, the Soviet Union, China, Canada and Australia. Canada plays an important role to the successful victory of the allied power because of their strong support of combat using f1 -fragmentation grenades. BodyA. First supporting idea (topic sentence): The f1 – fragmentation grenades were very small but that was a great advantage to the user. I. It provided soldier with personal artillery they could carry in their pockets. II. When the grenade was thrown, it was visible to the enemies since it was so petite. III. The grenade was small so it also had to be light w eighted, which meant it could be thrown further than larger grenades. B. Second supporting idea (topic sentence): The f1 grenade was very small but it still was lethal as an artillery shell. I. The grenade held 60 grams of explosion which could do a lot of damage.II. If there were a group of enemy troops attacking together, the grenade could come into play because a gun can’t kill all the enemies at once, unless there was collateral damage but that even couldn’t give a guaranteed kill. III. The grenade can kill an enemy with one explosion is the enemy is in the direct vicinity, of the projectile when it detonates. C. Third supporting idea (topic sentence): The f1 grenade had an excellent design which gave very good advantages to the user. I. The exterior of the grenade was notched which prevented hands from slipping off the grenade when throwing it.II. There is safety ring on the grenade so that the striker lever is not triggered accidently. III. It has a steel exterio r so it can facilitate fragmentation upon detonation. Conclusion The allied power was able to claim victory against the axis alliance because of their Canadian army’s powerful and impressing weapons which named them the premier fighters of the war. The f1- fragmentation grenade should be displayed to the public in the Canadian war museum; so that others can see what strategies did Canadians come up with when it comes to artillery weapons needed for war. .

bad cops essays

bad cops essays In memory of unarmed, unresisting victims, murdered by cops: Edward Anthony Anderson: Shot while handcuffed and on the ground Frankie Arzuega: Shot in the back of the head Anthony Baez: Choked to death by Francis X. Livoti Charles C. Campbell: Beaten and shot to death by Richard D. DiGuglielmo Jeffrey Carlson and Steven Winkel: Hit by Doug Leiter when he ran a stop sign without lights or a siren Anibal Carrasquillo: Shot in the back Garland Carter: Shot in the back by Eddie Sanchez Dionesia Correa: Kicked to death while handcuffed and on the ground Amadou Diallo: Shot 41 times for the crime of being black in NYC Malcolm Ferguson: Shot in the head by Louis Rivera Nathanial Gaines, Jr.: Shot in the back by Paolo Colecchia Jorge Guillen: Beaten and choked to death Jose Antonio Gutierrez: Shot in the back William Hankston: Shot in the back of the head Joe Love: Beaten and choked to death Yvonne Mathison: Beaten and run over Ismael Mena: Shot through a closed door by SWAT team at wrong house Patrick Heslin Phelan: Shot to death Lamore Rich and his 7-month-old son: Run down by 2 cruisers Jose Antonio Sanchez: Shot to death Ernest Sayon: Beaten and suffocated Tony Sullivan: Shot in the back of the head Kenneth Michael Trentadue: Beaten to death in cell Hilton Vega and Anthony Rosario: Shot in the back 14 times while handcuffed and on the ground 10-year-old Freddie Vela: Shot to death by Glenn Price Aswan Keshawn Watson: Shot to death ...

lexicographer - definition and examples

lexicographer - definition and examples Definition A lexicographer is a person who writes, compiles, and/or edits a dictionary. Lexicographer examine how words come into being and how they change in terms of pronunciation, spelling, usage, and meaning.The most influential lexicographer of the 18th century was Samuel Johnson, whose Dictionary of the English Language appeared in 1755. The most influential American lexicographer was Noah Webster, whose American Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1828. See Examples and Observations below. Also see: Ambrose Bierce on Lexicographers American Spelling and British Spelling Corpus LexicographyEtymologyAn Introduction to Noah WebsterLexicographicolatryLexicographyOxford English DictionaryReading the Dictionary: Ammon Sheas Lexicographical ExerciseSamuel Johnsons DictionaryWebsters ThirdWhich Websters Dictionary Is the Real Thing? Examples and Observations Lexicographer. A writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in tracing the original and detailing the signification of words.(Samuel Johnson, A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755) Lumping and SplittingDictionaries are . . . based  on an oversimplification which posits that words have enumerable, listable meanings that are divisible into discrete units. Such constructs come in handy because dictionary users tend to work best with clear-cut  distinctions and categories that we like to classify into distinct, well-defined boxes.  One of the key questions the lexicographer  then faces is related to the distinction between lumping and splitting. The former term refers to the slightly different patterns of usage that are considered as a single meaning, while the latter happens when the lexicographer separates slightly different patterns of usage into distinct meanings. The burning question whether the lexicographer should apply a lumping or a splitting st rategy does not just apply to monolingual dictionaries, however. A related question for bilingual lexicographers is whether sense divisions should be based upon the source language or the target language.(Thierry Fontenelle, Bilingual Dictionaries.  The Oxford Handbook of Lexicography, ed. by  Philip Durkin. Oxford University Press, 2015) Homonymy and PolysemyA major problem for the  lexicographer is  provided by the distinction between homonymy and polysemy. We speak of homonymy when two lexemes share the same word-forms . . ..   We speak of polysemy when a single lexeme has two (or more)  distinguishable meanings. There is no generally agreed criterion for distinguishing between the two. EAR  organ of hearing and EAR  spike of corn may be treated as two distinct lexemes . . . and usually are in real dictionaries on the basis of distinct etymologies, although diachronic information should not  in principle be used to determine synchronic linguistic structure.  On the other hand, many speakers feel that an ear of corn  is called that because it resembles the ear on someones head, and implicitly treat EAR as a single polysemous lexeme. In the writing of any dictionary, a decision has to be taken as to how to distinguish between these two.(Laurie Bauer, Word. Morphology: An International Handbook on I nflection and Word-Formation, ed. by  Geert Booij et al. Walter de Gruyter, 2000) A Descriptive Approach to LanguageEven when they must make choices, lexicographers are attempting to provide a factual record of the language, not a statement about correctness of its usage. However, when people see one form highlighted in a dictionary, they interpret it as the one correct form and subsequently infer that any other form is incorrect. Furthermore, many who read and reference dictionaries take these decisions to be comprehensive and inalterable standards. In other words, even though lexicographers take a descriptive approach to language, their work is often read as prescriptive.(Susan Tamasi and Lamont Antieau, Language and Linguistic Diversity in the US: An Introduction. Routledge, 2015) A Proscriptive ApproachModern-day lexicography has produced convincing arguments in favour of a proscriptive approach (cf. Berenholtz 2003). Although it is possible to employ such an approach in printed dictionaries, it is an approach ideal for internet dictionaries. The proscriptive approach allows the lexicographer to present the user with a variety of options, e.g. different orthographic forms of a given word or different pronunciation possibilities. No single form is prescribed but the lexicographer indicates his or her preference by recommending one or more forms. By doing so the alternatives are not demonised but users get a clear indication of the form recommended by the expert.(Rufus H. Gouws, Dictionaries as Innovative Tools in a New Perspective on Standardisation. Lexicography at a Crossroads: Dictionaries and Encyclopedias Today, Lexicographical Tools Tomorrow, ed. by Henning Bergenholtz, Sandro Nielsen, and Sven Tarp. Peter Lang, 2009) Samuel Johnson on Lexicography and LanguageWhen we see men grow old and die at a certain time one after another, from century to century, we laugh at the elixir that promises to prolong life to a thousand years; and with equal justice may the lexicographer be derided, who being able to produce no example of a nation that has preserved their words and phrases from mutability, shall imagine that his dictionary can embalm his language, and secure it from corruption and decay . . .. The language most likely to continue long without alteration, would be that of a nation raised a little, and but a little, above barbarity, secluded from strangers, and totally employed in procuring the conveniences of life.(Samuel Johnson, Preface to A Dictionary of the English Language, 1755)

Customized vs Off Shelf Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Customized vs Off Shelf Software - Essay Example It has numerous in-built databases and features, more than could be needed. Upgrades could be provided free or at subsidized cost. Even so, this software requires constant upgrading. Furthermore, it provides little flexibility because of the inability to control its source code (Cook, 2007). As such, it could fail to be compatible with the organizational goals, hence forcing the organization to change its processes. On the other hand, customized software attracts high initial cost. Just as off-the-shelf software, it is also associated with future cost, but in this, for alterations made to the software. Nonetheless, Cook (2007) observes that it provides the option of starting with the minimum critical requirements and later upgrading to encompass whatever else would be needed. Such changes could be made quickly. Importantly, its ability to be tailored to meet the exact business needs assures of its ability to meet the intended goals. With the main objective of acquiring software for a logistics organization being to meet the organizational objectives, customized software would be best suited for our organization. Even though the organization would incur high initial cost, it would experience the exact objective for which such software is acquired. Additionally, it would only provide what is needed in the organization, thus saving the company idle features consuming